Types of Conflict In Literature

Identifying major themes of literature and analyzing their development throughout a piece of text is part of ELA Common Core State Standards for grades 9-12 (Literacy.RL.9-10.2, Literacy.RL11-12.2). A common approach for this standard is to teach about types of literary conflict in conjunction with the literature being studied: Man vs. Man, Man vs. Nature, Man vs. Society, Man vs. Self, Man vs. Technology, and Man vs. Supernatural.

Creating storyboards and posters is the perfect way to engage high school ELA students, and teach them to identify types of conflict. Visual cues in storyboards bring heady concepts, such as Man vs. Society and Man vs. Self, down to earth through “comic-strip” style illustrations and captions. Posters let students distill the concept into one single image, and can be hung in the classroom when finished. Giving students creative writing prompts or story starters is another engaging way to get them thinking about creating conflict in an interesting story.

Teachers can create fun and easy-to-assess classwork that tasks high-school students with creating storyboards focusing on the common types of conflict in literature. The linear nature of a storyboard mirrors the progression of conflict and reinforces learning. Students create storyboards using details and characters pulled from text, allowing teachers to determine almost immediately whether students comprehend the objectives.

What is Literary Conflict?

Literary conflict is any type of challenge, struggle, or obstacle that compelling characters must overcome. It is an important part of any story, as it is needed to make the story continue on towards an ending or eventual goal.

While there are several types of conflict in literature, they all fall into one of two categories: internal and external conflict. Learn more about internal and external conflicts below.

1. Internal conflict is when the character struggles with something within themselves. They may be struggling with opposing desires, feelings, or beliefs. They may also be struggling to make a choice that is difficult to make. Internal conflict creates growth and helps with character development throughout the story.


2. External conflict is when the character struggles with something that is outside of their inner self such as an antagonist, weather, or other real world obstacles. External conflicts stand in the way of the character’s end goals in the story.

You may be wondering, what are the types of conflict? Or, how many types of conflict are there? Many people think there are 4 types of literary conflict, but there are actually 6. These types are:

1. Character vs. character conflict, which is sometimes referred to as man vs. man conflict.


2. Character vs. society conflict, which is sometimes referred to as man vs. society conflict.


3. Character vs. nature conflict, which is sometimes referred to as man vs. nature conflict.


4. Character vs. technology conflict, which is sometimes referred to as man vs. technology conflict.


5. Character vs. self conflict, which is sometimes referred to as man vs. self conflict.


6. Character vs. supernatural conflict, which is sometimes referred to as man vs. supernatural conflict.

While character vs. reality, or man vs. reality, may also be thought of as a type of literary conflict, many man vs. reality conflict examples fall into another category and it is not considered its own.

Learn more about these types of conflict in literature and find copyable storyboard examples below!

Types of Conflict in Literature

Character vs. Character or Man vs. Man

Character vs. Character is an external conflict in which two characters or two or more characters are pitted against one another in a battle, either literally or figuratively. The outcome can bring about maturity and growth, or a restoration of peace in the protagonist’s world. As you can see from the man vs. man conflict examples, common aspects of this type of conflict include:

• Characters can create conflict that can be as obvious as a physical altercation, or as vague as an underlying power struggle.


• The antagonist (or other character) tries to keep the protagonist from reaching their goal.


• The protagonist must overcome the efforts of the antagonist to reach their goal.

Some character vs. character or man vs. man conflict examples include:

• Sir Andrew and Cesario in Twelfth Night.


• Lennie and Curley in Of Mice and Men.


• The narrator and the old man in ”The Tell Tale Heart.”

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Character vs. Nature or Man vs. Nature

In a conflict of Character vs. Nature, a character must face things beyond their control in the natural world around them, including storms, wild and dangerous animals, and even disease or plague. Some common aspects of character vs. nature are listed below.

• The hero must overcome a force of nature to meet his goal.


• Nature can be a force of nature (like a storm, earthquake, or difficult climate) OR an animal from nature.


• In literature, the hero sometimes meets his goal, but sometimes is defeated.

Some character vs. nature or man vs. nature conflict examples include:

• Odysseus struggles with a dangerous whirlpool in The Odyssey.


• Doodle is afflicted by a heart condition that makes him weak in ”The Scarlet Ibis”.


• When Phillip is bitten by an eel in The Cay.

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Character vs. Society or Man vs. Society

A Character vs. Society conflict occurs when a character goes against the laws of their society, a tyrannical government, or an unfair community mindset. Usually the protagonist is an altruistic or idealistic individual who sees injustice and wants to correct it for his or her world, but doesn’t necessarily intend to create conflict. Common aspects of this type of conflict include:

• A protagonist sees something in a unique way.


• People in their town or culture don't like his way of thinking. Their bold ideas diverge from tradition or the rules. People ridicule and threaten then. They are compelled to act.


• Our hero may convince the others they are right, but they might be forced to flee town or lose their life.

Some character vs. society or man vs. society conflict examples include:

• Winston and Julia rise up against the government of Oceania and Big Brother in 1984.


• Arthur establishes a set of rules for his society that go against what others think is right in The Once and Future King.


• A classic example is when a group of boys are stranded on an island following a plane crash, they become chaotic and revolt against the rules of society in Lord of the Flies.

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Character vs. Self or Man vs. Self

This type of literary conflict is always internal, as the character is always fighting a battle within themselves. The character may struggle to make the “right” decision, have conflicting morals, or struggle with mental health issues. Some common aspects of character vs. self are listed below:

• The protagonist must overcome their own nature to reach their goal.


• The protagonist struggles within their own mind.


• The protagonist needs to overcome their struggle to reach the goal. They may, or may not, succeed.

Some character vs. self or man vs. self conflict examples include:

• Katniss struggles with the choices that she has to make in The Hunger Games.


• Perhaps the most well known example of this type of conflict is in Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet


• Alice struggles with internal issues in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.

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Character vs. Technology or Man vs. Technology

In a Character vs. Technology conflict, the character is usually faced with a battle against technology that has become too powerful, or is being used by another force for evil, adding conflict to the character’s story. Some common aspects of character vs. technology, often in science fiction, are listed below.

• The protagonist must overcome a machine or technology.


• Most often the encounter with the machine or technology is through the character's own doing. For example, it may be technology or a machine that they created, purchased, or owned with the assumption that it would make their life easier.


• Over time the protagonist must overcome the technology, in some instances, even destroying it before it destroys them.

Some character vs. technology or man vs. technology conflict examples include:

• Victor Franenstein never meant harm with his experiment of creating a monster in Frankenstein.


• The ability of the Elders to speak anywhere at any time, and of the Giver to pass on ancient memories to Jonas, reveals an advanced level of technology that is almost mystical in The Giver.


• The advancements in his experiments brought him to a point of no return, and Jekyll ultimately makes himself, as Hyde, drink poison in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

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Character vs. The Supernatural or Man vs. The Supernatural

When a character has a conflict with the supernatural, they are dealing with things such as monsters, ghosts, and other supernatural forces of that nature. Because these beings are not human, thus skewing the playing field.

Some character vs. the supernatural or man vs. the supernatural conflict examples include:

• Hero of the story, Odysseus, faces a number of conflicts during his journey, including Polyphemus, Scylla, and Charybdis in Homer’s The Odyssey.


• Lead character Beowulf conflicts with Grendal, the abominable monster who threatens the Danes in Beowulf.


• Protagonist Luna conflicts with Sister Ignatia, who is a witch in disguise, in The Girl Who Drank the Moon.

Teachers can customize the level of detail and number of cells required for projects based on available class time and resources.

Examples of Literary Conflict From Famous Books

Related Activities

Check out these types of literature conflict activities from our guides on The Odyssey, Hamlet, and The Giver.

Conflict Assessment

Another advantage to storyboarding is the ease with which storyboard assignments can be graded and assessed via a rubric. Below is a sample rubric you can use to assess your students, or as a reference for planning your own literary conflict lesson.

Example Rubric

Frequently Asked Questions about Types of Conflict in Literature

What are the 6 types of conflict in literature?

The six main types are: character vs. character, character vs. nature, character vs. society, character vs. self, character vs. technology, and character vs. supernatural. These conflicts can be internal or external and help drive the plot and character development.

What’s the difference between internal and external conflict in a story?

Internal conflict happens inside a character’s mind or heart, like a tough decision or emotional struggle. External conflict involves forces outside the character—other people, society, nature, or technology.

How do I teach types of conflict to middle school students?

Use familiar books, storyboards, and visual aids. Start with clear definitions, model examples from texts, and have students identify conflict types using graphic organizers or their own creative writing.

Why is conflict important in literature?

Conflict creates tension and keeps the story moving. It pushes characters to grow, face challenges, and ultimately change, which is what makes stories meaningful and memorable.

Can a story have more than one type of conflict?

Yes! Many stories include multiple types of conflict. For example, a character may face both internal struggles and external opposition from society or nature.

What are some good examples of character vs. society conflict in books?

Books like The Giver, 1984, and The Hunger Games show protagonists challenging unfair systems or societal expectations—classic examples of this conflict type.

What is character vs. self conflict and how do you identify it?

It’s when a character struggles with a decision, belief, fear, or moral issue. Look for moments where a character questions themselves or feels torn between choices.

What’s the best way to help students identify conflict in a story?

Ask guiding questions like: “What is the main problem?” or “What’s standing in the character’s way?” Use storyboards or role-playing to make abstract ideas more concrete.