Motif in Literature: Definition and Examples

Motif Definition: a recurring or prominent idea, image, symbol, character, or situation throughout a work that points to a larger theme or message

Motif Definition

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Motifs

Motifs are repeating symbols, colors, patterns, speech, character actions, images, or situations that occur more than once throughout the course of a work. Authors use motifs to create a unifying or repeating idea, which typically points to a larger theme that the author wants the reader to learn. When a reader notices a recurring symbol or image, they should pay attention to the significance of when it occurs in the plot. Often, the author is trying to catch the reader’s attention and point them to a larger lesson or idea that the author wants the reader to know by the end of the work. For example, Holden’s red hunting hat in The Catcher in the Rye seems to be mentioned whenever he is in a state of discomfort or social alienation, pointing to the larger theme of alienation and fear. A motif can also be used to foreshadow events, highlight weaknesses and strengths in a character, or create a mood of suspense.

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Notable Motif Examples in Literature

• Holden Caulfield’s name, the Museum of Natural History, and the red hunting hat in The Catcher in the Rye all give support to the overarching themes of alienation and fear of the loss of innocence.

• The contrasts of light and dark in Romeo and Juliet highlight Juliet’s unrivaled beauty and innocence.

• The women talking and the signs of age give support to the theme of time passing in “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”.

• The twins, or doubles, of the cities, Charles Darnay and Sydney Carton, and Lucie Manette and Therese Defarge are examples of motifs in A Tale of Two Cities.

• The repetition of the mockingbird in To Kill a Mockingbird highlights the racism Maycomb holds against Tom Robinson, which results in his death, and the dangers of revealing Boo’s heroism to the town.

Frequently Asked Questions about Motif in Literature: Definition and Examples

What is a motif in literature?

A motif in literature is a recurring element, such as an image, symbol, idea, or phrase, that appears throughout a story and helps develop its themes or mood.

How do motifs help students understand a story?

Motifs help students notice patterns and connect deeper ideas in a story. By recognizing motifs, students can better understand the author's message and the story's themes.

What is the difference between a motif and a theme?

A motif is a repeating element in a story, while a theme is the main idea or message. Motifs support and reinforce the theme.

Can you give examples of common motifs in books?

Common motifs include light and darkness, journeys, water, seasons, and repeated phrases or colors. These often symbolize bigger ideas in stories.

How can teachers teach motifs to students effectively?

Teachers can help students identify motifs by having them look for repeated elements in a text, discuss their meanings, and connect them to the story's themes using graphic organizers or group discussions.