Characterization: Definition and Examples

Characterization Definition: Characterization is the traits an author uses to create and develop a character in a story.

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Characterization

Characterization is one of the most important parts of a fictional story, because a memorable character can connect on an emotional level with the reader. Characterization is the attribution of physical, emotional, and personality traits to a fictional character in a story. It is accomplished in two ways: directly and indirectly.

Direct characterization occurs when the author or narrator directly describes the traits of a character. For instance, a narrator may describe a character’s age, height, and goals to the reader. Indirect characterization occurs when a character’s traits are revealed through their actions, dialogue, and interactions with other characters. For example, a reader might learn that a character is angry with another character when they sneer at them or talk to them in short, one-word answers.

Authors use characterization to create round and flat characters. Round, or dynamic, characters have complex personalities that are revealed throughout the story. Dynamic characters often evolve, change, or mature by the end of the story. Flat, or static, characters have limited personalities and generally do not change, evolve, or mature throughout the story. Some of the most complex and memorable characters in literary history come from authors who were not afraid to reveal their strengths, weaknesses, fears, and flaws.

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Characterization Examples

“My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; / Coral is far more red than her lips’ red…” is an example of direct characterization in “Sonnet 130” by William Shakespeare.

“Throwing a regal homecoming glance around the neighborhood, Mrs. Wilson gathered up her dog and her other purchases, and went haughtily in.” This quote from The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald reveals that Myrtle views herself above her surroundings, in spite of the fact that she is poor.

Bob Ewell from To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee is an example of a flat, or static, character. By the end of the novel, his anger and prejudice that led him to beat Mayella and set Tom’s trial in motion has not changed, and it results in his untimely demise.

Pip is an example of a round, or dynamic, character in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens because while he starts off as a young boy in search of riches and status, he eventually comes to realize through his mistakes and mistreatment of others that wealth does not bring happiness.

Frequently Asked Questions about Characterization: Definition and Examples

What does characterization mean in literature?

Characterization in literature is the process authors use to create and develop characters by revealing their traits, personality, and motivations through actions, dialogue, and descriptions.

How do authors show characterization in stories?

Authors show characterization by describing a character's appearance, actions, thoughts, speech, and interactions with others, helping readers understand who the character is.

What are the two types of characterization?

The two main types of characterization are direct (when the author tells you about the character) and indirect (when you infer traits from the character's actions and words).

Why is characterization important in teaching literature?

Characterization helps students understand characters' motives and growth, making stories more engaging and supporting critical thinking about themes and relationships.

Can you give examples of characterization in popular books?

In Harry Potter, J.K. Rowling uses characterization by showing Harry's bravery through his choices and friendships. In Charlotte's Web, E.B. White describes Charlotte's kindness through her actions and words.